Regenerasi In Vitro Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.)
Keywords:
2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, Allium ascalonicum, kinetin, NAA, kalus, plantletAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh zat pengatur tumbuh yang ditambahkan pada media terhadap induksi kalus dan regenerasi tanaman bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) secara in vitro. Kalus diinduksi dari eksplan cakram /basal stem menggunakan media Murashige dan Skoog (MS) dengan penambahan 2,4-D konsentrasi 1, 2, 3 dan 4 mg/L. Kalus dikultur pada media MS dengan penambahan NAA 0,1 mg/L dan beberapa konsentrasi  kinetin (2, 3 dan 5 mg/L) untuk induksi tunas. Tunas disubkultur pada media MS + IBA 2 mg/L untuk membentuk plantlet. Penambahan 2,4-D pada media kultur mampu menginduksi pembentukan kalus pada eksplan, tetapi konsentrasi 2,4-D yang tinggi pada media menghambat pembentukan dan pertumbuhan kalus serta menyebabkan terjadi pencoklatan pada eksplan. Penambahan kinetin yang dikombinasikan dengan NAA pada medium mampu menginduksi tunas bawang merah dari eksplan kalus. Peningkatan konsentrasi kinetin berpengaruh terhadap jumlah tunas yang terbentuk pada kalus. Konsentrasi kinetin 2 mg/L mampu menghasilkan tunas lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan kinetin pada konsentrasi yang lebih tinggi (3 dan 5 mg/L). Plantlet bawang merah diperoleh setelah tunas disubkultur pada media yang mengandung IBA 2mg/L, akar mulai muncul setelah 6-8 minggu kultur.
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