Pemecahan Dormansi Umbi Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L. var. granola) Menggunakan Larutan Giberelin (GA3) dan Benzil Amino Purin (BAP)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.biotropika.2021.009.03.10Keywords:
dormansi, giberelin, irisan, sitokinin, umbiAbstract
Tahap dormansi umbi kentang berpeluang menghambat budidaya kentang karena umbi yang baru dipanen tidak bisa langsung ditanam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh perendaman umbi kentang pada larutan GA3 dan BAP terhadap periode pemecahan dormansi umbi maupun pertumbuhan tunas kentang (S. tuberosum L. var. granola). Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktorial dengan 3 faktor, yaitu umbi (A: utuh dan irisan), giberelin GA3 (B: 0, 50, 100, dan 200 ppm), dan sitokinin BAP (C: 0, 50, 100, dan 200 ppm). Umbi kentang berukuran M yang telah dicuci bersih direndam dalam fungisida selama 3 detik kemudian ditiriskan. Sebagian umbi dibiarkan utuh dan sebagian lainnya diiris menjadi dua bagian. Umbi utuh dan irisan direndam ke dalam larutan GA3 dan BAP tunggal maupun kombinasi sesuai perlakuan selama 30 menit, selanjutnya umbi diletakkan di ruang gelap. Parameter yang diamati selama 59 hari yaitu waktu muncul tunas, akhir periode dormansi, jumlah tunas yang dihasilkan umbi, dan panjang tunas. Data dianalisis dengan ANOVA, Uji T dan Uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa umbi irisan mampu memecahkan dormansi lebih cepat (10 HSP) dibanding umbi utuh (16 HSP). Umbi yang direndam pada larutan GA3 50 ppm dan GA3 100 ppm mampu bertunas lebih cepat yaitu 10 HSP. Jumlah tunas yang dihasilkan hingga 59 HSP pada umbi irisan lebih banyak (66,9%) dibanding umbi utuh (34,7%). Umbi irisan yang direndam dalam larutan GA3 maupun BAP mampu menumbuhkan tunas lebih panjang (19,4 mm) daripada umbi utuh yang direndam GA3Â maupun BAP (3,6 mm). Rata-rata tunas terpanjang (19,4 mm) dihasilkan pada umbi irisan yang direndam dalam larutan GA3 tunggal 100 ppm
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