Pertumbuhan Larva Lalat Tentara Hitam (Hermetia illucens) dengan Pemberian Pakan Susu Kedaluwarsa dan Alpukat
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.biotropika.2021.009.01.10Keywords:
Hermetia illucens, limbah makanan olahan, mortalitas, pertumbuhanAbstract
Larva lalat tentara hitam (LLTH) (Hermetia illucens) dapat mengonsumsi berbagai limbah organik untuk menghasilkan biomassa yang kaya akan kandungan protein dan lemak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menguji dari aplikasi LLTH pada produk pangan olahan yang sudah kedaluwarsa, hal yang relatif belum banyak diteliti di Indonesia terutama terkait dengan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan dari LLTH. Produk yang diujikan adalah susu bubuk instan dengan pakan ayam komersial sebagai kontrol dan alpukat sebagai pembanding produk yang umum digunakan sebagai pakan LLTH. Pada penelitian ini, 200 ekor larva berusia 7 hari menjadi sampel uji pada tiga kelompok tersebut. Pakan diberikan setiap 3 hari (200 mg/larva/hari) hingga 50% dari larva telah bermetamorfosis menjadi prepupa. Pengambilan data terkait berat tubuh dan tingkat kematian dilakukan bersamaan dengan waktu penggantian pakan. Saat prepupa bermetamorfosis menjadi pupa, setiap individu ditempatkan pada botol vial terpisah untuk proses identifikasi jenis kelamin dan masa hidup. Data pada kelompok susu kedaluwarsa dan kontrol menunjukkan rata-rata berat akhir larva lebih tinggi (0,11 gram berbanding 0,12 gram), proporsi lalat dewasa yang lebih banyak betina (♂:♀, 90:94 dan 90:98), waktu pertumbuhan larva hingga pupa lebih singkat (keduanya memiliki waktu yang sama yaitu 34 hari), dan total masa hidup lalat lebih pendek (57,3 hari berbanding 54,8 hari) lebih baik dibandingkan kelompok alpukat. Sementara itu, kelulushidupan larva tertinggi tercatat pada kelompok kontrol diikuti dengan kelompok yang mendapatkan pakan alpukat (98,5%) dan susu kedaluwarsa (96,5%). Berdasarkan hasil ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa susu kedaluwarsa dapat digunakan sebagai pengganti pakan ayam dalam pengembangan sistem produksi larva BSF yang lebih berkesinambunganReferences
Harjo S, Arifin AA, Anwar S (2014) Fortified compost with powder milk waste for vegetable organic farming. Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management 4(2): 103–110. doi:10.19081/jpsl.2014.4.2.103.
Dansted P (2016_. Disposal of non-conforming dairy material or dairy product. https://www.mpi.govt.nz/document-vault/999. Accessed December 2020
Soufiani AM, Ferreira JA, Taherzadeh MJ, Lennartsson PR (2016) Value-added products from dairy waste using edible fungi. Waste Management 59: 518-525. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.11.017.
Eissa MA, Nasralla NN, Gomah NH, Osman DM, El-Derwy YM (2018) Evaluation of natural fertilizer extracted from expired dairy products as a soil amendment. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 18(3): 694-704. doi: 10.4067/S0718-95162018005002002
Tran G, Heuze V, Makkar HPS (2015) Insects in fish diets. Animal Frontier 5: 37-44. doi:10.2527/af.2015-0018
ÄŒiÄková H, Newton GL, Lacy RC, Kozánek M (2015) The use of fly larvae for organic waste treatment. Waste Management 35: 68–80. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2014.09.026
Liu Z, Minor M, Morel PCH, Najar-Rodriguez AJ (2018). Bioconversion of three organic wastes by black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) larvae. Environmental Entomology 47(6): 1609–1617. doi: 10.1093/ee/nvy141.
Oonincx DGAB, van Huis A, van Loon JJA (2015) Nutrient utilisation by black soldier flies fed with chicken, pig, or cow manure. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed, 1(2), 131–139. doi: 10.3920/JIFF2014.0023.
Wang YS, Shelomi M (2017) Review of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) as animal feed and human food. Foods 6(10): 91. doi: 10.3390/foods6100091.
Zheng L, Li Q, Zhang J, Yu Z (2012) Double the biodiesel yield: Rearing black soldier fly larvae, Hermetia illucens, on solid residual fraction of restaurant waste after grease extraction for biodiesel production. Renewable Energy 41: 75–79. doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2011.10.004.
Cummins V, Rawles SD, Thompson K, Velasquez A, Kobayashi Y, Hager J, Webster C (2017) Evaluation of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal as partial or total replacement of marine fish meal in practical diets for Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Aquaculture 473: 337-344. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.02.022.
Standtlander T, Stamer A, Buser A, Wohlfahrt J, Leiber F, Sandrock C (2017) Hermetia illucens meal as fish meal replacement for rainbow trout on farm. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 3: 165-175. doi: 10.3920/JIFF2016.0056.
Onsongo VO, Osuga IM, Gachuiri CK, Wachira AM, Miano DM, Tanga CM, Ekesi S, Nakimbugwe D, Fiaboe KKM (2018) Insects for income generation through animal feed: effect of dietary replacement of soybean and fish meal with black soldier fly meal on broiler growth and economic performance. Journal of Economic Entomology 111: 1966-1973. doi: 0.1093/jee/toy118.
Dalle Zotte A, Cullere M, Martins C, Alves SP, Freire JPB, Falcao-E-Cunha L, Bessa RJB (2018) Incorporation of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) larvae fat or excluder linseed in diet of growing rabbits and their effect on meat quality traits including detailed fatty acid composition. Meat Science 146: 50-58. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.08.002.
Vogel H, Muller A, Heckel DG, Gutzeit H, Vilcinskas A (2018) Nutritional immunology: diversification and diet-dependent expression of antimicrobial peptide in the black soldier fly Hermetia illucens. Developmental & Comparative Immunology. 78: 141-148. doi: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.09.008.
Verheyen GR, Ooms T, Vogels L, Vreysen S, Bovy A, van Miert S, Meersman F (2018) Insects as an alternative source for the production of fats for cosmetics. Journal of Cosmetic Science 69: 187-202.
Abduh MY, Nadia MH, Syaripudin, Manurung R, Putra RE (2018) Factors affecting the bioconversion of Philippine tung seed by black soldier fly larvae for the production of protein and oil-rich biomass. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 21(3): 836–842. doi: 10.1016/j.aspen.2018.06.007.
Kinasih I, Putra RE, Permana AD, Gusmara FF, Nurhadi MY, Anitasari RA (2018) Growth performance of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) fed on some plant based organic wastes. HAYATI Journal of Biosciences 25(2): 79–84. doi: 10.4308/hjb.25.2.79.
Manurung R, Supriatna A, Esyanthi RR, Putra RE (2016) Bioconversion of Rice straw waste by black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens L.) : Optimal feed rate for biomass production. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 4(4): 1036–1041.
Putra RE, Margareta A, Kinasih I (2020) The digestibility of banana peel and testa coconut and its effects on the growth and mortality of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) at constant feeding rates. Biosfer: Jurnal Tadris Biologi 11(1): 66–77. doi: 10.24042/biosfer.v11i1.6450.
Nakamura S, Ichiki RT, Shimoda M, Morioka S (2016) Small-scale rearing of the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), in the laboratory: low cost and year-round rearing. Applied Entomology and Zoology 51: 161-166. doi: 10.1007/s13355-015-0376-1
Dortmans BMA, Diener S, Verstappen BM, Zurbrügg C (2017) Black Soldier Fly Biowaste Processing - A Step-by-Step Guide Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
Hakim AR, Prasetya A, Petrus HTBM (2017) Studi laju umpan pada proses biokonversi limbah pengolahan tuna menggunakan larva Hermetia illucens. Jurnal Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan 12(2): 181–193. doi: 10.15578/jpbkp.v12i2.469.
Chia SY, Tanga CM, Khamis FM, Mohamed SA, Salifu D, Sevgan S, Fiaboe KKM, Niassy S, van Loon JJA, Dicke M, Ekesi S (2018) Threshold temperatures and thermal requirements of black soldier fly Hermetia illucens: Implications for mass production. PLoS ONE 13(11): 1–26. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206097.
Holmes LA, Vanlaerhoven SL, Tomberlin JK (2012) Relative humidity effects on the life history of Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Environmental Entomology 41(4): 971–978. doi: 10.1603/EN12054.
Gobbi P, MartÃnez-Sánchez A, Rojo S (2013) The effects of larval diet on adult life-history traits of the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). European Journal of Entomology 110(3): 461–468. doi: 10.14411/eje.2013.061.
Ma J, Lei Y, Rehman KU, Yu Z, Zhang J, Li W, Li Q, Tomberlin JK, Zheng L (2018) Dynamic effects of initial ph of substrate on biological growth and metamorphosis of black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Environmental Entomology 47(1): 159–165. doi: 10.1093/ee/nvx186.
Meneguz M, Schiavone A, Gai F, Dama A, Lussiana C, Renna M, Gasco L (2018) Effect of rearing substrate on growth performance, waste reduction efficiency and chemical composition of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae: Rearing substrate effects on performance and nutritional composition of black soldier fly. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 98(15): 5776-5784. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.9127
Cammack JA, Tomberlin JK (2017) The impact of diet protein and carbohydrate on select life-history traits of the black soldier fly Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Insects 8(2). doi: 10.3390/insects8020056.
Hoc B, Noël G, Carpentier J, Francis F, Megido RC (2019) Optimization of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) artificial reproduction. PLoS ONE 14(4): 1–13. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216160.
Zhang J, Huang L, He J, Tomberlin JK, Li J, Lei C, Sun M, Liu Z, Yu Z (2010) An artificial light source influences mating and oviposition of black soldier flies, Hermetia illucens. Journal of Insect Science, 10, 1–7
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright and Attribution:
Articles in Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology are under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC-BY-NC) copyright. The work has not been published before (except in the form of an abstract or part of a published lecture or thesis) and it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. When the manuscript is accepted for publication in this journal, the authors agree to the automatic transfer of the copyright to the publisher.
Journal of Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Permissions:
Authors wishing to include figures, tables, or text passages that have already been published elsewhere and by other authors are required to obtain permission from the copyright owner(s) for both the print and online format and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from one of the authors.
Ethical matters:
Experiments with animals or involving human patients must have had prior approval from the appropriate ethics committee. A statement to this effect should be provided within the text at the appropriate place. Experiments involving plants or microorganisms taken from countries other than the author's own must have had the correct authorization for this exportation.
