Studi Keanekaragaman Diatom Epilitik serta Potensinya sebagai Bioindikator Kualitas Perairan Sungai di Coban Tarzan Kabupaten Malang
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.biotropika.2020.008.02.07Keywords:
bioindikator, coban tarzan, diatom epilitik, sungaiAbstract
Air selalu menjadi kebutuhan penting dalam memenuhi segala aspek kehidupan bagi semua makhluk hidup. Keberadaan sumber daya perairan harus didukung dengan kuantitas yang tercukupi serta kualitas yang baik. Salah satu sumber daya perairan yang sering dimanfaatkan oleh makhluk hidup adalah sungai, terutama aliran sungai yang berasal dari air terjun (coban). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman jenis diatom epilitik serta potensinya sebagai organisme indikator penentu kualitas perairan sungai di Coban Tarzan Kabupaten Malang. Pengambilan sampel diatom epilitik dilakukan dengan metode terpilih (purposive sampling) pada tiga stasiun di perairan sungai Coban Tarzan. Sampel diatom epilitik diambil dari substrat batuan yang terendam air dan tidak lebih dari kedalaman 20 cm. Parameter yang diamati dan diukur antara lain Kepadatan (K), Indeks Keanekaragaman Shannon Wiener (H’), Indeks Dominansi Simpson (C) dan Indeks Tropik Diatom Epilitik. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa kepadatan total diatom epilitik yang ditemukan di Coban Tarzan selama penelitian adalah 152.669 ind/cm2, yang terdiri delapan genus (Amphora, Cocconeis, Cymbella, Fragilaria, Gomphonema, Navicula, Nitzschia dan Rhoicosphenia). Sementara itu nilai H’ diatom epilitik di sungai Coban Tarzan menunjukkan tingkat keanekaragaman yang sedang (H’=1,52), sedangkan untuk nilai C menunjukkan tidak ada spesies diatom epilitik yang mendominasi di perairan tersebut (C=0,25). Hasil indeks tropik diatom epilitik menunjukkan perairan sungai Coban Tarzan tergolong memiliki kualitas perairan dengan kategori sedang (mesotrofik).
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