Kultur Kalus Tanaman Obat Physalis angulata L. (Ciplukan)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.biotropika.2020.008.01.05Abstract
Ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.) merupakan anggota famili Solanaceae yang telah lama dimanfaatkan sebagai tanaman obat. Penyediaan tanaman obat yang umumnya tumbuh liar dan belum banyak dibudidayakan ini telah diupayakan melalui propagasi tanaman secara in vitro. Kultur kalus banyak dilaporkan berpotensi sebagai alternatif sumber metabolit sekunder termasuk yang berkhasit obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk optimasi inisiasi dan pemeliharaan kultur kalus P. angulata menggunakan eksplan kotiledon dan hipokotil kecambah in vitro. Kalus diinduksi pada medium MS ditambah Zat Pengatur Tumbuh (ZPT) BAP 0,5 dan 2 mg/l yang masing-masing dikombinasikan dengan 2,4-D 1, 2, dan 4 mg/l dan IAA 0,05 , 0,5 dan 1,0 mg/l. Secara umum kedua eksplan kotiledon maupun hipokotil menunjukkan respon proliferasi yang baik terhadap kombinasi ZPT yang diujikan. Jenis eksplan tidak berpengaruh nyata pada kemampuan pembentukan kalus pada semua (100%) bagian jaringan eksplan dan berat basah (BB) kalus primer maupun sekunder. Berat basah kalus primer maupun sekunder lebih dipengaruhi oleh kombinasi ZPT. Subkultur kalus primer pada medium pemeliharaan dengan kombinasi BAP (0,5 dan 1 mg/l) + IAA / 2,4-D 0,2 mg/l tidak hanya menghasilkan kalus sekunder tetapi juga menghasilkan tunas dan akar. Kombinasi BAP 2 mg/l + 2,4-D (1, 2 dan 4 mg/l) dapat mempertahankan pertumbuhan kalus sekunder tanpa mengalami organogenesis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kultur kalus dapat dihasilkan secara optimal baik dengan eksplan hipokotil maupun kotiledon in vitro pada medium induksi dan pemeliharaan yang sama yaitu MS + BAP 2 mg/l + 2,4-D (1, 2 dan 4 mg/l).
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