Efek Pelaparan dan Akumulasi Polifosfat terhadap Biopresipitasi Uranium pada Bacillus cereus A66
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.biotropika.2018.006.02.05Keywords:
Pelaparan polifosfat, biopresipitasi uranium, Bacillus cereusAbstract
Pelaparan dan akumulasi polifosfat pada bakteri diduga dapat meningkatkan biopresipitasi uranium. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efek pelaparan dan akumulasi polifosfat terhadap peningkatan biopresipitasi uranium pada Bacillus cereus A66. Pada penelitian ini B. cereus A66 ditumbuhkan terlebih dahulu (prakultur) dalam Tryptone Glucose Yeast Extract (TGY), pada suhu ruang (± 28ºC) hingga fase logaritmik (± 16 jam). Pada perlakuan pertama, prakultur B. cereus A66 diberi perlakuan pelaparan fosfat dalam medium P-free, selanjutnya dipindahkan ke medium P-uptake untuk akumulasi fosfat. Untuk mengamati biopresipitasi uranium, sel bakteri dipindahkan ke dalam larutan uranium 1 mM. Pada perlakuan kedua, prakultur B. cereus A66 langsung dipindahkan ke dalam larutan uranium tanpa fase pelaparan dan akumulasi polifosfat. Sedangkan pada perlakuan ketiga, B. cereus A66 tanpa fase pelaparan dikultur dalam medium P-uptake kemudian dipindahkan ke larutan uranium. Pada perlakuan keempat, B. cereus A66 dikondisikan dengan pelaparan fosfat dalam medium P-free, diikuti dengan pemindahan ke dalam larutan uranium. Perlakuan kedua, ketiga dan keempat dirancang untuk mengkonfirmasi efek perlakuan pertama dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa B. cereus A66 yang mengalami pelaparan fosfat dapat mengakumulasi fosfat delapan kali lebih banyak ketika dipindahkan ke medium P-uptake, dibandingkan dengan B. cereus A66 yang tidak mengalami pelaparan fosfat. Selain itu, B. cereus A66 yang mengakumulasi lebih banyak fosfat juga menunjukkan peningkatan biopresipitasi uranium sebesar 1,5 kali lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan B. cereus A66 yang tidak mengalami pelaparan fosfat. Fenomena ini diyakini digerakkan oleh metabolisme polifosfat yang dikontrol oleh aktivitas gen PPK dan PPX. Secara keseluruhan hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa semakin banyak polifosfat terakumulasi dalam sel, semakin meningkat respon biopresipitasi uranium dalam hal jumlah uranium yang diambil dari larutan dan efisiensi waktu pengambilannya. Strategi ini dapat dikembangkan lebih lanjut untuk bioremediasi air dan tanah yang terkontaminasi uranium.
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