Skrining Bakteri Asam Laktat asal Susu Kambing Peranakan Etawa sebagai Penghasil Bakteriosin
Abstract
Bakteri asam laktat (BAL) merupakan mikroorganisme yang tergolong GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe). Sebagian besar BAL memiliki potensi sebagai penghasil bakteriosin. Bakteriosin merupakan senyawa protein yang disintesis oleh ribosom dan mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh BAL penghasil bakteriosin dan mempelajari daya hambat bakteriosin terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Salmonella thypimurium. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan tiga kali ulangan. Tahapan dilakukan dengan isolasi BAL asal susu kambing Peranakan Etawa (PE) pada media MRS ditambah dengan CaCO3 1%, karakterisasi isolat BAL, deteksi penghambatan  kultur BAL terhadap bakteri uji, uji aktivitas penghambatan bakteriosin (CFS) terhadap bakteri uji, uji sensitivitas bakteriosin terhadap enzim proteolitik, serta identifikasi BAL dengan menggunakan API 50 CHL test kit. Dua belas isolat diperoleh dari isolasi, namun hanya 6 isolat (SKE5, SKE7, SKE8, SKE9, SKE10, dan SKE11) diduga mampu menghasilkan bakteriosin. Bakteriosin yang diproduksi oleh keenam isolat tersebut dapat terdegradasi oleh enzim Proteinase K (1 mg/ml). Isolat SKE9 teridentifikasi sebagai Lactobacillus curvatus merupakan kandidat isolat BAL terbaik karena menghasilkan bakteriosin dan menghambat pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus dan Salmonella thypimurium dengan indeks penghambatan masing-masing sebesar 2,94 ± 0,59 dan 2,89 ± 0,89.
Kata kunci : Bakteri asam laktat, Bakteriosin, Susu kambing Peranakan Etawa
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