Keterkaitan Aktivitas Manusia dengan Kualitas Ekosistem Perairan Pantai di Kepulauan Spermonde, Makasar, Sulawesi Selatan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.biotropika.2019.007.03.6Keywords:
Aktivitas manusia, Echinodermata, Kepulauan Spermonde, Makroalga, model strukturalAbstract
Kepulauan Spermonde, Makassar Sulawesi Selatan terdiri dari ratusan pulau kecil dengan karakteristik yang bervariasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan antara kondisi lingkungan dan aktivitas manusia di pulau  dengan kualitas ekosistem perairan pantai berdasarkan parameter fisikokimia air serta keragaman biodiversitas khususnya makroalga dan echinodermata. Penelitian ex post facto ini dilakukan di Pulau Barrangcaddi, Badi, Barang Lompo, Bonebatang dan pulau Kodingarengkeke. Pemantauan kondisi lingkungan menggunakan indeks Naturalness sedangkan aktivitas manusia menggunakan indeks Hemeroby. Pengambilan sampel air, makroalga, dan echinodermata di setiap pulau dilakukan di 2 hingga 3 stasiun dengan membuat tiga (3) transek sabuk. Hasil analisis pemodelan struktural menggunakan PLS menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas manusia yang ada di Kepulauan Spermonde telah berdampak pada pencemaran bahan organik dengan kadar BOD berkisar 25,39-29,81 mg/L.  Pencemaran ini selanjutnya telah memicu terjadinya eutrofikasi tercermin dari kadar nitrat yang telah melebih baku mutu untuk biota perairan (0,05-0,168 mg/L).  Eutrofikasi yang terjadi telah meningkatkan diversitas makroalga dan selanjutnya menurunkan diversitas Echinodermata. Berdasarkan nilai indeks diversitas Makroalga, perairan pantai di sekitar lima pulau yang diamati termasuk dalam kategori tercemar ringan sampai sedang (1.17-2.42), dan berdasarkan indeks diversitas Echinodermata sudah termasuk kategori tercemar berat (0,36-0,88). Sedangkan parameter kualitas air lain terutama pH, suhu, salinitas, kekeruhan, TP, H2S, minyak dan lemak, dan Pb telah memenuhi standar kualitas air untuk kebutuhan biota perairan berdasarkan Keputusan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup No. 51/2004.
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