DNA Barcoding Ikan Introduksi Khas Telaga Sari, Kabupaten Pasuruan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.biotropika.2019.007.02.2Keywords:
basa nukleotida diagnostik, DNA Barcode COI, filogenetik, jarak genetik, variasi genetikAbstract
Telaga Sari terletak di Purwodadi, Kabupaten Pasuruan yang memiliki kelimpahan jenis ikan introduksi dari Famili Poeciliidae. Anggota Poeciliidae merupakan ikan yang berukuran kecil, live-bearers, memiliki dimorfi seksual dari segi ukuran tubuh dan pola warna. Ikan jantan memiliki gonopodium yang merupakan modifikasi sirip anal, dan ikan betina bunting dan melahirkan. Ikan ini terintroduksi di perairan Indonesia sebagai ikan hias, pengontrol perkembangan nyamuk malaria dan dewasa ini diketahui sebagai model pembelajaran dalam studi biologi. Identifikasi cryptic species menjadi tantangan dalam pengelolaan ikan introduksi baik untuk tujuan konservasi dan budidaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk identifikasi molekuler berdasarkan DNA Barcode COI. Amplifikasi gen target dilakukan dengan menggunakan primer barcode. Analisis identifikasi molekuler melalui kekerabatan pohon filogenetik, similaritas, variasi sekuen DNA, jarak genetik, dan BOLD System. Hasil identifikasi molekuler menunjukkan terbentuk dua klaster besar yang terdiri atas dua klad, spesies yang teridentifikasi sesuai karakter morfologi, yaitu Poecilia reticulata dan Poecilia mexicana dengan indeks kesamaan 90-100%, sedangkan satu spesies teridentifikasi sebagai Poecilia reticulata (100% identik berdasarkan BOLD System) yang seharusnya secara morfologi adalah Xiphoporus helleri. Hasil analisis karakter nukleotida diagnostik ditemukan empat nukleotida untuk Poecilia reticulata, tujuh nukleotida untuk Xiphoporus helleri dan 23 untuk Poecilia mexicana. Diversitas haplotype basa nukleotida sebesar (0,00566) yang terbagi menjadi sembilan haplotype dengan empat haplogroup. Ketepatan identifikasi spesies ikan menjadi kunci utama dalam budidaya, perdagangan, manajemen, konservasi, dan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan.
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