Diversitas dan Uji Potensi Bakteri Kitinolitik dari Limbah Udang
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Proses pengolahan udang dari industri akan menghasilkan limbah cair dan padat sebanyak 30 – 75 % dari berat udang. Limbah udang mengandung 20 – 60 % kitin sehingga dapat menjadi sumber bakteri kitinolitik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui diversitas bakteri kitinolitik dan mengetahui potensi bakteri yang memiliki aktivitas kitinolitik yang tinggi pada limbah udang. Tahapan penelitian meliputi isolasi bakteri pada media CCA (Colloidal Chitin Agar), penghitungan diversitas bakteri kitinolitik, dan seleksi isolat berdasarkan indeks kitinolitik. Diversitas bakteri kitinolitik dihitung menggunakan indeks diversitas Simpson. Penelitian uji potensi kitinolitik menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan tiga kali ulangan. Data indeks kitinolitik dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam dilanjutkan uji Games-Howell (α = 0,05). Indeks diversitas limbah padat lebih tinggi (0,646) daripada limbah cair (0,213). Dua dari 18 isolat yaitu isolat PBK 2 (berasal dari limbah cair) dan SA 1.2 (berasal dari limbah padat) memiliki indeks kitinolitik tertinggi yaitu secara berturut-turut sebesar 2,069 dan 2,084.
Kata kunci : bakteri kitinolitik, limbah cair, limbah padat, kitin, udang
ABSTRACT
Shrimp processing from industrial activity produce solid waste and wastewater 30 – 75 % from shrimp weight. Shrimp waste contains 20 – 60 % chitin and possible to be source of chitinolytic bacteria. The objectives of this research was to observe diversity of chitinolytic bacteria and to analyze potency of bacteria which have high activity of chitin degradation in shrimp waste. The research consist of isolation of bacteria using Colloidal Chitin Agar (CCA) medium, quantification of chitinolytic bacteria diversity, and screening of bacteria based on chitinolytic index. Diversity of chitinolytic bacteria quantified with Simpson diversity index. Chitinase assay carried out according Complete Randomized Design with three replications. Diameter of clear zone data was analyzed using analysis of variance continued with Games-Howel test (α = 0.05). Diversity index of solid waste more higher (0.646) than wastewater (0.213). Only two of eighteen isolates of chitinolytic bacteria (PBK 2 and SA 1.2 isolates) showed highest chitinolytic index.
Key words: chitinolytic bacteria, chitin, shrimp, waste
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