Regenerasi Tanaman dari Eksplan Kalus Bawang Putih (Allium sativum L.) secara In Vitro
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh zat pengatur tumbuh auksin dan sitokinin terhadap induksi kalus dan regenerasi tanaman bawang putih (Allium sativum L.) secara in vitro. Medium Murashige and Skoog (MS) dengan penambahan kombinasi 2,4-D dan kinetin digunakan untuk induksi kalus dari eksplan meristem basal, sedangkan NAA dan BAP digunakan untuk regenerasi planlet dari eksplan kalus. Pertumbuhan kalus pada medium kultur yang mengandung 2,4-D dan kinetin pada konsentrasi rendah lebih baik daripada konsentrasi tinggi. Kalus yang dikulturkan pada medium kultur yang mengandung NAA 0.1 ppm dikombinasikan dengan BAP 0.5-2 ppm mampu membentuk tunas. Jumlah tunas meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan konsentrai BAP. Di antara berbagai macam konsentrasi NAA dan BAP, jumlah tunas terbanyak diperoleh pada medium kultur yang mengandung NAA 0.1 ppm dan BAP 2 ppm. Tunas-tunas dipindahkan ke medium kultur dengan penambahan BAP 10 ppm untuk menginduksi pemanjangan tunas. Planlet bawang putih dihasilkan dari tunas yang dikulturkan pada medium kultur dengan penambahan IBA 2 ppm.
Kata kunci: bawang putih, kalus, meristem basal, regenerasi in vitro
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