Identifikasi dan Analisis Similaritas Bacillus thuringiensis Isolat Lokal Jawa Timur yang Berpotensi Mengendalikan Pertumbuhan Larva Aedes aegypti
Abstract
Jawa Timur merupakan daerah yang memiliki kasus demam berdarah tertinggi di Indonesia. Salah satu agen hayati pengendali vektor virus demam berdarah adalah Bacillus thuringiensis, namun penelitian terkait B. thuringiensis isolat lokal asal Jawa Timur belum banyak diungkap. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan B. thuringiensis isolat lokal Jawa Timur yang berpotensi mengendalikan larva Aedes. aegypti serta mengetahui karakter dan similaritas fenotip antar isolat tersebut dengan B. thuringiensis acuan (Bti.HD567). Tahapan penelitian meliputi isolasi B. thuringiensis dari sedimen dan air dengan menggunakan media selektif B. thuringiensis, karakterisasi fenotip berdasarkan morfologi koloni dan morfologi sel (pewarnaan Gram dan endospora), serta uji toksisitas dari masing-masing isolat B. thuringiensis terhadap larva A. aegypti. Data hasil uji toksisitas selanjutnya diseleksi untuk mendapatkan isolat-isolat yang berpotensi tinggi dalam mengendalikan larva A. aegypti yang kemudian dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam (ANOVA). Isolat yang berpotensi tinggi dalam mengendalikan larva A. aegypti diidentifikasi dengan API 50 CHB, kemudian dibuat dendogram dengan menggunakan CLAD97. Isolat-isolat yang memiliki potensi tinggi dalam membunuh larva A. aegypti yaitu Mdn1.Tk2, SK.T, Pb2.T, W.Swh.S.K2, K.K1.S.K2, dan Jmbr1.T. Berdasarkan dendogram terdapat tiga kelompok yaitu kelompok 1 (Mdn1.Tk2, K.K1.S.K2), 2 (SK.T, Pb2.T dan W.Swh.S.K2) dan 3 (Jmbr1.T).Isolat Mdn1.Tk2 dan K.K1.S.K2 identik dengan Bti.HD567 (100 %), sedangkan SK.T, Pb2.T, dan W.Swh.S.K2 merupakan Genus Bacillus (98,3 %). Isolat Jmbr1.T tidak termasuk Genus Bacillus.
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