Diversitas dan Uji Potensi Bakteri Kitinolitik dari Limbah Udang
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Proses pengolahan udang dari industri akan menghasilkan limbah cair dan padat sebanyak 30 – 75 % dari berat udang. Limbah udang mengandung 20 – 60 % kitin sehingga dapat menjadi sumber bakteri kitinolitik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui diversitas bakteri kitinolitik dan mengetahui potensi bakteri yang memiliki aktivitas kitinolitik yang tinggi pada limbah udang. Tahapan penelitian meliputi isolasi bakteri pada media CCA (Colloidal Chitin Agar), penghitungan diversitas bakteri kitinolitik, dan seleksi isolat berdasarkan indeks kitinolitik. Diversitas bakteri kitinolitik dihitung menggunakan indeks diversitas Simpson. Penelitian uji potensi kitinolitik menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan tiga kali ulangan. Data indeks kitinolitik dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam dilanjutkan uji Games-Howell (α = 0,05). Indeks diversitas limbah padat lebih tinggi (0,646) daripada limbah cair (0,213). Dua dari 18 isolat yaitu isolat PBK 2 (berasal dari limbah cair) dan SA 1.2 (berasal dari limbah padat) memiliki indeks kitinolitik tertinggi yaitu secara berturut-turut sebesar 2,069 dan 2,084.
Kata kunci : bakteri kitinolitik, limbah cair, limbah padat, kitin, udang
ABSTRACT
Shrimp processing from industrial activity produce solid waste and wastewater 30 – 75 % from shrimp weight. Shrimp waste contains 20 – 60 % chitin and possible to be source of chitinolytic bacteria. The objectives of this research was to observe diversity of chitinolytic bacteria and to analyze potency of bacteria which have high activity of chitin degradation in shrimp waste. The research consist of isolation of bacteria using Colloidal Chitin Agar (CCA) medium, quantification of chitinolytic bacteria diversity, and screening of bacteria based on chitinolytic index. Diversity of chitinolytic bacteria quantified with Simpson diversity index. Chitinase assay carried out according Complete Randomized Design with three replications. Diameter of clear zone data was analyzed using analysis of variance continued with Games-Howel test (α = 0.05). Diversity index of solid waste more higher (0.646) than wastewater (0.213). Only two of eighteen isolates of chitinolytic bacteria (PBK 2 and SA 1.2 isolates) showed highest chitinolytic index.
Key words: chitinolytic bacteria, chitin, shrimp, waste
References
Irianto, H.E. 2011. Strategi Pengembangan Produk Indikasi Geografis berbasis Komoditas Perikanan Budaya. Prosiding Forum Inovasi Teknik Akuakultur.
Sachindra, N.M., N. Bhaskar, dan N.S. Mahendrakar. 2005. Carotenoids in Different Body Components of Indian Shrimps. J. Sci. Food Agr. 85:167–172.
Manjang, Y. 1993. Analisa Ekstrak Berbagai Jenis Kulit Udang Terhadap Mutu Khitosan. Jurnal Penelitian Andalas (12):138 –143.
Oktavia, D.A., D. Mangunwidjaja, dan S. Wibowo. 2012. Pengolahan Limbah Cair Perikanan menggunakan Konsorsium Mikroba Indigenous Proteolitik dan Lipolitik. Agrointek 6(2):65–71.
Frändberg, E. 1997. Antifungal Compounds of Chitinolytic Bacteria from Grain Ecosystems. Doctor's dissertation. ISSN 1401-6249, ISBN 91-576-5275-9.
Herdyastuti, N., T.J. Raharjo, Mudasir, dan S. Matsjeh. 2009. Chitinase and Chitinolytic Microorganism: Isolation, Characterization, and Potential [Review]. Indo. J Chem. 9(1):37–47.
Haliza, W. dan M.T. Suhartono. 2012. Karakteristik Kitinase dari Mikroba. Balai Teknologi Pascapanen Pertanian. 8(1).
Faramarzi, M.A., M. Fazeli, M.T. Yazdi, S. Adrangi, K.J. Al-Ahmadi, N. Tasharrofi, dan F.A. Mohseni. 2009. Optimization of Cultural Condition for Production Chitinase by Soil Isolate of Massilia timonae. Biotechnol. 8(1):93 – 99.
Cappuccino, J. G. 1983. Microbiology: A Laboratory Manual. Addison-Wesley. USA.
Ludwiq, J.A., and J.F. Reynolds. 1988. Statistical Ecoloqy a Primer on Methods and Computing. John Wiley & Sons. New York.
Jiang, L. 2009. Comparison of Disk Diffusion, Agar Dilution, and Broth Microdilution for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Five Chitosans. Thesis. Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University.
Metcalf, L., H.P. Eddy, G. Tchobanoglous, F.L. Burton, H.D. Stensel. 2003. Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Reuse. 4th Edition. McGraw Hill International Editions. New York.
Subba, R. 1994. Mikroorganisme tanah dan Pertumbuhan tanaman. Terjemahan. UI Press. Jakarta.
Beier, S. dan S. Bertilsson. 2013. Bacterial Chitin Degradation—Mechanisms and Ecophysiological Strategies [Review Article]. Front. Microbiol. 4(149):1–12.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright and Attribution:
Articles in Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology are under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC-BY-NC) copyright. The work has not been published before (except in the form of an abstract or part of a published lecture or thesis) and it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. When the manuscript is accepted for publication in this journal, the authors agree to the automatic transfer of the copyright to the publisher.
Journal of Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Permissions:
Authors wishing to include figures, tables, or text passages that have already been published elsewhere and by other authors are required to obtain permission from the copyright owner(s) for both the print and online format and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from one of the authors.
Ethical matters:
Experiments with animals or involving human patients must have had prior approval from the appropriate ethics committee. A statement to this effect should be provided within the text at the appropriate place. Experiments involving plants or microorganisms taken from countries other than the author's own must have had the correct authorization for this exportation.
