Perbandingan Kualitas Air Irigasi di Pertanian Organik dan Anorganik Berdasarkan Sifat Fisiko-kimia dan Makroinvertebrata Bentos (Studi Kasus di Desa Sumber Ngepoh, Lawang Kabupaten Malang)
Abstract
Perbaikan kualitas air irigasi diperlukan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas padi (Oryza sativa).  Kualitas air irigasi dapat diketahui melalui pengukuran parameter fisiko-kimia air maupun struktur komunitas makroinvertebrata bentos yang berperan sebagai bioindikator. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil struktur komunitas makroinvertebrata bentos dan kualitas fisiko-kimia air irigasi pada pertanian organik dan anorganik Desa Sumber Ngepoh Lawang. Makroinvertebrata bentos dan kualitas fisiko-kimia air diambil pada stasiun hulu dan hilir saluran irigasi yang melewati pertanian organik dan anorganik. Sampel air diambil sebanyak 500 ml, dan sampel makroinvertebrata bentos diambil sebanyak ±100 individu/stasiun dengan Jaring Surber. Profil kualitas fisiko-kimia air dan makroinvertebrata bentos dianalisis secara deskriptif. Tingkat pencemaran perairan berdasarkan makroinvertebrata bentos diketahui dari nilai Hi dan FBI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kualitas fisiko-kimia air irigasi pertanian organik lebih baik dibandingkan pertanian anorganik yang tercermin dari lebih rendahnya nilai TDS, TSS, konduktivitas dan bikarbonat. Komunitas makroinvertebrata bentos air irigasi pertanian organik lebih beragam dibandingkan anorganik. Taksa-taksa yang mendominasi di air saluran irigasi pertanian organik meliputi Melanoides tuberculata (Thiaridae), Parathelpusa sp. (Decapoda), Acentrella sp. (Baetidae), Caenis sp. (Caenidae) dan Cheumatopsyche sp. (Hydropsychidae). Sedangkan taksa-taksa yang mendominasi di air saluran irigasi pertanian anorganik meliputi Melanoides tuberculata (Thiaridae), Tarebia granifera (Thiaridae), Parathelpusa sp. (Decapoda) dan Corbicula javaniva (Corbiculidae). Berdasarkan nilai Hi dan FBI dari makroinvertebrata bentos, pencemaran bahan organik di air irigasi pertanian anorganik lebih tinggi dibandingkan pertanian organik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa kualitas air irigasi pertanian organik lebih baik dibandingkan air irigasi pertanian anorganik.
Â
Kata kunci: Kualitas air irigasi, makroinvertebrata bentos, pertanian organik dan anorganik.
References
Asawa, G. L. 2006. Irrigation and Water Resources Engineering. New Age International. India
Badawy, R. M., El Hoseny, I. & Talal, M. 2013. Biodiversity and Seasonal Fluctuation of Aquatic and Semiaquatic Insects in Rashid Stream, Kafr El Zayat (Gharbyia governorate). Egypt. Acad. J. Biolog. Sci. 6(1): 47-66. Egyptian
Bauder, T. A., Waskom, R. M. & Davis, J. G. 2011. Irigation Water Quality Criteria. 0.506. Colorado State University. Colorado
Carpenter, S. R., Stanley, E. H. & Zanden, M. J. V. 2011. State of the World’s Freshwater Ecosystems: Physical, Chemical, and Biological Changes. Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin. 36:75–99. Wisconsin
Clesceri, L. S., Greenberg, A. E. & Eaton, A. D. 1998. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water. 20th Ed. Washington
Dunlop, J., Gregor, Mc. G. & Horrigan, N. 2005. Potential Impacts of Salinity and Turbidity in Riverine Ecosystem. National Action Plan for Salinity and Water Quality. State of Queenslands
Farrell-Poe, K. 2005. Water Quality & Monitoring. Master Watershed Steward. Maricopa,United States
Gardner, S. T. 2007. Aquatic Macroinvertebrates as Bioindicators of Water Pollution in the Duwamish Estuary of Seattle Washington. Journal of Ecological Stuff, Settle University. Washington
Jae Bae, Y.,Kil, H. K. & Seok Bae, K. 2005. Benthic Macroinvertebrates for Uses in Stream Biomonitoring and Restoration. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering. 9(1): 55-63
Kalyoncu, H. & Zeybek, M. 2011. An application of different biotic and diversity indices for assessing water quality: A case study in the Rivers Çukurca and Isparta (Turkey). African Journal of Farming Research. 6(1): 19-27
Kumar, A. & Vyas, V. 2012. Diversity of Molluscan Communities in River Narmada, India. Journal of Chemical, Biological and Physical Sciences. 2(3):1407-1412. India
Mandaville, M. S. 2002. Benthic Macroinvertebrates in Freshwaters-Taxa Tolerance Values, Metrics, and Protocols. Soil & Water Conservation Society of Metro Halifax.
Masyarakat Ilmuwan dan Teknolog Indonesia (MITI). 2013. 10 Bahan Pangan Indonesia Masih Impor. http://beranda.miti. or.id/10-bahan-pangan-indonesiamasih-impor/. Diakses tanggal 19 Juni 2013
Mohindru, S. 2012. Impor Beras Turun Drastis. http://indo.wsj.com/posts/2012/11/ 29/impor-beras-turun-drastis/. Diakses tanggal 19 Mei 2013
Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia (PP RI). 2001. Pengelolaan Kualitas Air dan Pengendalian Pencemaran Air. Kementrian Lingkungan Hidup Republik Indonesia. Jakarta
Provin, T. L. & Pitt, J. L. 2002. Description of Water Analysis Parameters. Texas A&M Agrilife Extension. Texas
Putri, A. F. D. 2012. Evaluasi Kualitas Biodiversitas Pada Sawah Padi Intensif Semiorganik di Kecamatan Dampit, Kepanjen, dan Lawang, Kabupaten Malang. Program Studi Biologi Reproduksi Minat Biologi Konservasi, Universitas Brawijaya. Malang. Tesis
Verma, O.P., Khanan, B. & Shukla, S. 2012. Determination of Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Four Canals of Allahabad Region and its Suitability for Irrigation. Advances in Applied Science Research. 3(3): 1531-1537
Weber-Scannell, P. K & Duffy, K. L. 2007. Effects of Total Dissolved Solids on Aquatic Oeganisms: A Review of Literature and Recommendation for Salmonid Species. American Journal of Environmental Sciences. 3(1): 1-6
World Wildlife Fund (WWF). 2007. National Surface Water Classification Criteria & Irrigation Water Quality Guidelines for Pakistan. Freshwater & Toxics Programme, WWF. Pakistan
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright and Attribution:
Articles in Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology are under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC-BY-NC) copyright. The work has not been published before (except in the form of an abstract or part of a published lecture or thesis) and it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. When the manuscript is accepted for publication in this journal, the authors agree to the automatic transfer of the copyright to the publisher.
Journal of Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Permissions:
Authors wishing to include figures, tables, or text passages that have already been published elsewhere and by other authors are required to obtain permission from the copyright owner(s) for both the print and online format and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from one of the authors.
Ethical matters:
Experiments with animals or involving human patients must have had prior approval from the appropriate ethics committee. A statement to this effect should be provided within the text at the appropriate place. Experiments involving plants or microorganisms taken from countries other than the author's own must have had the correct authorization for this exportation.
