EKSPLORASI KAPANG ANTAGONIS DAN KAPANG PATOGEN TANAMAN APEL DI LAHAN PERKEBUNAN APEL PONCOKUSUMO
Abstract
Poncokusumo merupakan daerah pertanian di Kabupaten Malang yang memiliki komoditas utama yaitu apel. Serangan kapang patogen menyebabkan apel menjadi rusak dan busuk. Selama ini, pengendalian kapang patogen hanya dilakukan dengan menggunakan pestisida dan mampu menyebabkan terjadinya resistensi kapang patogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui spesies kapang antagonis dan kapang patogen yang terdeteksi serta mengetahui tingkat dan mekanisme penghambatan kapang antagonis terhadap pertumbuhan kapang patogen dari lahan perkebunan apel Poncokusumo. Isolasi kapang antagonis dilakukan menggunakan sampel tanah top soil 10 cm, sedangkan isolasi kapang patogen berasal dari sampel organ tanaman yang terserang penyakit dengan melakukan sterilisasi menggunakan larutan NaOCl 5 %. Isolat kapang antagonis diuji tingkat penghambatannya terhadap kapang patogen tanaman apel dengan menggunakan metode dual culture dan slide culture. Persentase penghambatan masing-masing kapang antagonis dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan one-way ANOVA. Hasil eksplorasi didapatkan tiga genus kapang patogen yaitu Venturia sp., Colletotrichum sp., dan Monilia sp., sedangkan kapang antagonis yang didapat antara lain Trichoderma sp.(I), Trichoderma sp.(II), Trichoderma sp.(III), Aspergillus sp.(I), dan Aspergillus sp.(II). Penghambatan terbaik ditunjukkan kapang antagonis Trichoderma sp.(I) yaitu menghambat Venturia sp. sebesar 50,51%, Colletotrichum sp. sebesar 73,30%, dan Monilia sp. sebesar 66,97%. Hasil pengamatan mikroskopis diketahui bahwa mekanisme penghambatan kapang antagonis terhadap kapang patogen menggunakan metode slide culture diketahui bahwa isolat Genus Trichoderma yaitu kompetisi dan parasitisme, sedangkan isolat Genus Aspergillus dengan antibiosis.
Kata kunci: antagonis, eksplorasi, patogen, penghambatan.Downloads
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